A. Sutherland - AncientPages.com - Francis Walsingham was an English politician and most trusted adviser to Queen Elizabeth I (1533–1603). He served her faithfully for about 30 years, until his death.
Left: Sir Francis Walsingham made 1585 by John de Critz. Credit: Public Domain - Right: The "Darnley Portrait" of Elizabeth I of England. Public Domain
He became the father of modern espionage thanks to an enormous arsenal of secret methods. He created this complex apparatus and developed a domestic and foreign spy network that helped detect several well-organized Catholic plots against Elisabeth I.
Sir Francis gathered intelligence regarding the Spanish Armada and also revealed a plot against Elisabeth involving Mary, Queen of Scots.
As a result, he effectively used his power to have Mary executed.
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